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Did you know that human skin fall under the category of an organ system called Integumentary System This integumentary system is the organ system that protects the human body from various kinds of the Damages such as Water loss, abrasion from outside. The system is comprises of the skin and its appendages including hair, scales, feathers, hooves and nails.
The integumentary system serves variety of functions; it may serve to waterproof, cushion and protect the deeper tissues, excretes waste and regulate temperature.
The Epidermis is composed of the outer most layers of the Skin. It forms the protective barrier over the body surface, responsible for the keeping water in the body and preventing pathogens from entering, and is a stratified squamus epithelium , composed of proliferating basal and suprabasal keratinocytes. The epidermis also helps the skin regulate body temperature. Keratinocytes are the major cells, constituting 95% of epidermis, while merkel cell , melanocytes and langerhans cell are also present.
The stratum corneum is the outermost layer of the epidermis. The stratum corneum is composed of three lipid components: ceramides, cholesterol, and fatty acids.The purpose of the stratum corneum is to form a barrier to protect underlying tissue from infection, dehydration, chemicals and mechanical stress. Desquamation, the process of cell shedding from the surface of the stratum corneum, balances proliferating keratinocytes that form in the stratum basale.
The stratum lucidum is a thin, clear layer of dead skin cells in the epidermis named for its ranslucent appearance under a microscope. It is readily visible by light microscopy only in areas of thick skin, which are found on the palms of the hands and the soles of the feet.
The stratum granulosam is a thin layer of cells in the epidermis. Keratinocytes migrating from the underlying stratum spinosum become known granular cells in this layer. At the transition between this layer and the stratum corneum, cells secrete lamellar bodies (containing lipids and proteins) into the extracellular space.
The stratum spinosum is a layer of the epidermis found between the stratum granulosum and stratum basale. Keratinization begins in the stratum spinosum. This layer is composed of polyhedral keratinocytes. They have large pale-staining nuclei as they are active in synthesizing
fibrilar proteins, known as cytokeratin, which build up within the cells aggregating together forming tonofibrils.
The stratum basale (basal layer, sometimes referred to as stratum germinativum) is the deepest layer of the epidermis. The stratum basale is a continuous layer of cells. The stratum basale is primarily made up of basal keratinocyte stem cells, which can be considered the stem cells of the epidermis. They divide to form the keratinocytes of the stratum spinosum, which migrate superficially.
The Dermis Is comprised of two layers: The Papillary Dermis and the Reticular Dermis.
The Papillary Dermis is the more superficial of the two, and lies just beneath the epidermal junction. it is relatively thin and is made up of loose connective tissue, which includes:
The Reticular Dermis is the deeper and thicker layer of the dermis, which lies above the subcutaneous layer of the skin. it contains dense connective tissue, which includes:
This is the innermost and thickest layer of skin. It is also known as the subcutaneous layer or subcutaneous tissue. The layers of the skin include the epidermis (the outermost layer), the dermis (the next layer which is loaded with blood vessels and nerves), and then the hypodermis.
All rights reserved, McW HEALTHCARE PVT. LIMITED © Copyright 2021